The author first quoted Leonardo da Vinci interpretation of stain to illustrate the possibilities in programs and compositions out of an unspecific form. "the stain represents a specific form of the generic that is at once both general and specific. ... They occupy the space between the abstract and the concrete. Like Leonardo, we start from the middle, projecting material into a diagrammatic field."
[4 Similarity and Difference]
Gilles Deleuze and Fèlix Guattari use the analogy of racehorse being closer to a grey-hound, and a draft horse being closer to an ox, than each is to the other. In terms of performance, they are similar even though they look different. Similarly, elements in a self-similar structure could behave differently even though they look similar.
[5 Variety (Difference) vs. Variation (Self-similarity)]
Back to the concept of fineness, "Quantity is a precondition to fineness." From Edgar Allan Poe's theory of composition, "The logic of repetition, like the logic of statistics or the logic of information, can be applied regardless of content." Out of this concept, pattern is formed. Therefore a single element in architecture is not enough to bring out the possibilities in organization compare to a greater quantity of them.
For example, the Michael Schumacher World Champion Tower in Dubai was inspired by the geometric laws of snowflakes. Even though the building's appearance is constantly changing by tracking the sun, the curvature on the surface actually allow potential standardisation in the building process because of a lot of repetition. Combining with other sustainable features, this building is not only iconic, but also achieve a sustainable performance.
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